Gender Difference in the Association between Religious Participation and Acculturative Stress: Evidence from Korean Immigrants in the United States

The present study examines the interplay between participation in religious services and gender differences in mitigating acculturative stress among Korean immigrants in the United States. Using cross-sectional survey data írom a total of 164 Korean immigrants, our findings suggest that participation in religious services is significantly associated with a lower level of acculturative stress, and the negative association became stronger when a participant is female. This study is one of few empirical studies that examine the differential role of participation in religious services across gender in reducing acculturative stress among Korean immigrants in the United States.

One in the Same? Unpacking Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and ESG in South Korea

Substantial growth in global ESG investments has led to calls to better understand regional trends. To this end, this paper provides three major contributions with respect to the Korean market. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the local ESG landscape. While drivers include aggressive ESG allocation and disclosure requirements, initial growth may have been propelled by a relabeling of existing investments rather than channeling of new capital. Second, this study unpacks ESG and corporate social responsibility (CSR) as presented in the literature. While prior studies have often used ESG and CSR interchangeably, clearer distinctions between the two terms may be called for. Third, this paper investigates ESG and CSR in South Korea through unique news data analysis of 88,946 articles. Unlike the academic literature to date, we see clearer distinctions between ESG and CSR via news analysis. Specifically, related terms for ESG focus on corporate governance and investors, while CSR retains a focus on social contribution and social responsibility.

The Persistence of Ethnopopulist Support: The Case of Rodrigo Duterte's Philippines

The past few years have seen an emergence of populist leaders around the world, who have not only accrued but also maintained support despite rampant criticism, governance failures, and the ongoing COVID pandemic. The Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte is the best illustration of this trend, with approval ratings rarely dipping below 80 percent. What explains his high levels of robust public support? We argue that Duterte is an ethnopopulist who uses ethnic appeals in combination with insider vs. outsider rhetoric to garner and maintain public support. Moreover, we argue that ethnic affiliation is a main driver of support for Duterte, and more important than alternative factors such as age, education, gender, or urban vs. rural divides. We provide evidence of Duterte's marriage of ethnic and populist appeals, then evaluate whether ethnicity predicts support for Duterte, using 15 rounds of nationally representative public opinion data. Identifying with a non-Tagalog ethnicity (like Duterte) leads to an 8 percent increase in approval for Duterte, significantly larger than any other explanatory factor. Among Duterte supporters, a non-Tagalog ethnicity is associated with 19 percent increase in strong versus mild support. Ethnicity is the only positive and significant result, suggesting that it strongly explains why Duterte's support remains robust. Alternative explanations, such as social desirability bias and alternative policy considerations, do not explain our results.

Factors Evaluating the Crisis Preparedness of a City in the Era of New Normal: Based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process Survey of Korean Experts *

This study aimed to identify the key components of crisis preparedness and understand the relative importance of various public relations (PR) factors to suggest efficient ways to prepare for a pandemic crisis, such as COVID-19. We highlight the process-oriented approach of crisis preparedness in addition to the static readiness in response to a crisis. Specifically, we conducted an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) using focus group interviews and a pairwise comparison questionnaire with 25 PR experts írom academia, industry, and local governments. The experts highlighted a three-level hierarchical structure of crisis preparedness. At the highest level, issue management (43.3%) was relatively more important than crisis communication (30.4%) and risk communication (26.3%). Overall, we observed that process-oriented crisis preparedness (e.g., monitoring issues, building positive and resolving negative issues, and reporting crisis) are relatively more important than the static preparedness system (e.g., budgets and printing periodicals, or classic offline PR tactics such as communication with different stakeholders and interest groups). Overall, we highlight the importance of pre-crisis readiness over post-crisis readiness, preemptive PR over typical offline PR activities, and intangible trust-building based on systematic information monitoring.

The China Alternative. Changing Regional Order in the Pacific Islands

The presence of China poses a challenge to the dominance of Western powers and their allies, who have set the agenda in the Pacific since the end of the Second World War. [...]today, the region has been characterised by (post-)colonial power structures. In her opening remarks, Dame Meg Taylor clearly states that the Pacific Island states regard the presence of China in the region as a positive development because it gives PIF countries access to markets, technology, financing and infrastructure. The Boe Declaration of the PIF meeting in 2018, which states that "climate change remains the single greatest threat to the livelihoods, security and wellbeing of the peoples of the Pacific" (ix) - is the principal element of efforts by Pacific Island state leaders to implement the "Blue Pacific" concept and stands in stark contrast to the environmental and security policy of PIF member country Australia as well as that of the previous Trump administration. In Australia alone, economic damage caused each year by Beijing's punitive actions in response to bans on Huawei equipment (Australia excludes the Chinese company from the country's 5G roll-out) and COVID-19 demands (Canberra's call for an independent investigation into the origins of the virus) runs into the billions annually.

Infrastructuring Authoritarian Power Arab Gulf-Chinese Transregional Collaboration beyond the State

[...]we scrutinise the functioning of infrastructures as a tool for exerting and stabilising authoritarian power. [...]we speak to and seek to enhance literatures on authoritarian power and neoliberalism (Glasius 2018a, 2018b;Bogaert 2018;Bruff / Tansel 2019;Hasenkamp 2020;Zuboff 2019). [...]we build on critical research on infrastructure and logistics (Cowen 2014, Chua 2018, Khalili 2018, Ziadah 2019, Apostolopoulou 2020), which we understand as simultaneously enabling the circulation of goods and capital, as well as reinforcing containment and facilitating new forms of managing and repressing public discontent. [...]we look at the role of logistics and infrastructure for authoritarian entanglements beyond the state level through the lens of a global crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic.

Multilateralism to the Rescue? Beijing's Support for Multilateral Institutions during the COVID-19 Crisis

[...]we explored how Chinese multilateralism evolved in two regional contexts, Africa and Latin America, through a literature review and collection of data on Beijing's actions during the COVID-19 crisis. [...]by 1989, China had joined 37 major intergovernmental organisations, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (Hoo 2018). Since its inclusion into the World Trade Organization in 2001, Beijing's foreign policy has increasingly taken on a multilateral orientation (Moore 2011, Kastner et al. 2020). On the one hand, some argue that Beijing is upholding rather than undermining a global order based on liberal principles and a set of multilateral institutions, in place since World War II, under US domination.3 As China has benefitted enormously from the traditional multilateral system, it is often viewed as a staunch defender of multilateralism as well as a norm entrepreneur contributing to the further development and evolution of multilateral cooperation (Stuenkel 2016). [...]several scholars argue that China is adding new layers to (and deepening) the so-called "crisis of multilateralism" - associated with the multiple failures of goal achievement and the flawed and undemocratic governing structures of multilateral institutions, many of which predated the rise of China (Morse / Keohane 2014, Chin 2015). [...]this crisis has been further exacerbated by the ambivalent and instrumental attitude of the United States towards international institutional

Spirits Offering Protection The Cult of General Doan Thuong in Vietnam in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This article discusses the changes that have occurred in the ceremonies of the spirit cult in the rural communes of Vietnam during the Covid-19 pandemic. A case study of General Doan Thuong's (1181-1228) cult is presented. I propose a comparison of ceremonies, namely 1) a commemoration in a temple that took place on 1 May 2018 based on my field materials, and 2) a closed ceremony in the same temple on 8 April 2020 and on 27 April 2021 (being broadcast on Facebook). On the one hand, quarantine measures reduce the degree of integration of the rural commune and eliminates such an important religious practice as pilgrimage. On the other hand, restrictive measures brought the ceremony closer to its traditional appearance: ordinary commune members, tourists were excluded from participation in the rituals, while the Doan clan's members fulfilled the role of the clan representatives in communicating with spirits, which is prescribed by tradition.

Digital Being(s): Platform Entanglement and Everyday Life in 21st-Century India

The article analyses the centrality of new media platforms in the everyday life of contemporary India. It claims that the representations of everyday life saturated with media technology in films and web series helps us to understand the ways new media has become central to the life experience in India over a rather short period. By engaging with philosophical and sociological theories, and by approaching the question and the theory through several cinematic examples, the article shall probe the ways in which we have become digital beings, and to which extent this has been mediated by neoliberal capitalism, as the platforms are lucrative business ventures of different global media corporations. The article claims that COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns in 2020 and 2021 resulted in many different attempts to articulate the centrality of technology to our everyday life. Various films and web series released during the pandemic and commenting on the effect of the pandemic on our everyday life, attempt to demonstrate, at least in part, the creative power of technology in India and shows ways how technology helps forge an alternative sociality under the regime of social distancing. However, the article takes a critical stance in demonstrating that media technologies, their impact on our everyday life and the logic that govern them are far more problematic than it seems.

Masked Societies in East Asia: A Forum on the SocioMaterial History of Face Masks Introduction

In the latest issue's "Editor's Note" of EASTS, Wen-hua Kuo made a call to East Asian science studies scholars to commit to an archeology of the social and technical infrastructure of epidemics. Coincidently, ten historians and sociologists working on science, technology, medicine, and environment with a focus on China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea had just begun a collective effort to understand how face masks had become the most important part of the current pandemic governance in East Asia. As its first step, a virtual workshop, "The Socio-Material History of Masked Societies in East Asia," was held at the Max-Planck Institute for the History of Science on 26 October 2020. This forum aims to introduce the virtual meeting's outcome to the wider EASTS community and encourages them to engage with the collaborative enterprise to investigate the history of masks. All papers focus on the socio-material dimension of masks while problematizing current culturalist explanatory narratives about "masked societies" in East Asia. By doing so, the papers show how mask use is closely linked to heterogenous but interconnected entanglements of environmental governance, political movements, and risk cultures in East Asian polities. It interrogates these relationships in the context of scientific controversies and quarantine regimes.

CONTEMPORARY ASHKENAZIC HEBREW: THE GRAMMATICAL PROFILE OF AN OVERLOOKED TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY VARIETY

Ashkenazic Hebrew is a unique language variety with a centuries-long history of written use among Central and Eastern European Jews. It has distinct phonological and grammatical features attested in texts composed by Ashkenazic Jews (e.g. adherents of the Hasidic and Maskilic movements) in Europe prior to the twentieth century. While Ashkenazic Hebrew is commonly believed to have been replaced by Israeli Hebrew in the twentieth century, this traditional written variety of the language actually continues to thrive in contemporary Diaspora Haredi (strictly Orthodox) communities, chiefly the Hasidic centres of New York, London, Montreal and Antwerp. This fascinating and understudied form of Hebrew is used widely and productively in the composition of a rich variety of original documents for a Hasidic audience (about e.g. Covid transmission, United States educational stipulations, Zoom schooling, lockdown rules, etc.). In this article we demonstrate that contemporary Ashkenazic Hebrew has many shared orthographic, phonological, grammatical and lexical features with its Eastern European antecedent. These include: orthography of loanwords based on Yiddish conventions (e.g. xoylay ha-korona 'those ill with coronavirus');morphology of plural loan nouns (be-koleges 'in colleges', haprogramen 'the programmes');retention of the definite article with inseparable prepositions (be-ha-sxine 'in the neighbourhood');infinitives construct of I-yod roots following the Mishnaic model (lay-da 'to know', lay-lex 'to go');infinitives construct with subject suffix (be-omroy 'when he said');hinne with infinitives (hineni be-ze luhadgis 'we hereby would like to emphasize');and omission of the accusative marker (krusi ha-milim 'I read the words'). This article contributes to the wider study of language vitality and use in contemporary Hasidic communities, as well as to our understanding of the diversity of twenty-first century Hebrew.

The Effects of Globalization on Korea

There are a plethora of studies on globalization, yet few studies have examined the overall effects of globalization on Korea. Thus, in this study, we investigated the overall effects of globalization on Korea's economy, society, language, and culture. The Korean economy enjoyed further growth as globalization facilitated trade expansion. Yet, income inequality and wealth gap deteriorated. Globalization is expanding generational gap as the younger generation introduces changes in language usage. Social culture is altering from Confucianism and collectivism to individualism and materialism particularly among young people. International marriages raise many social issues as well. Children born in international or interethnic couple experience serious identity confusion, requiring the government's and society's support. Gender equality and low childbirth are serious problems for future economic growth. In summary, globalization helped Korea's economic growth, yet introduced many other issues.

In the Bubble: The Case of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies Research in the Time of COVID-19

In early March 2020, a global COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of a large majority of academic institutions including libraries, archives, and cultural heritage institutes in North America and around the world. As we write this article, almost two years later, the situation remains critical, and most universities continue to offer online teaching while most libraries provide remote access to their resources. This article presents the results of a survey that was designed and circulated to faculty and students at US and Canadian universities in the summer of 2020. This article aims to draw a portrait of the state of research in the Summer of 2020 and seeks to understand how libraries and users customized their access to resources during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The article identifies the main challenges faced by scholars in Islamic and Middle Eastern studies to develop, pursue, or complete research projects during the pandemic, and the strategies implemented to make up for the loss of access to primary source materials and field research. The article also highlights immediate initiatives developed by academic and research libraries to support the research community, and demonstrates how these responses to the crisis matched their institution’s strategies. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Library Administration is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The Ethical Foundations of Buddhist Cognitive Models: Presentations of Greed and Fear in the Theravada Abhidhamma

While issues related to greed and fear are ubiquitous in everyday life, they become particularly evident in crises such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, when societal responses are frequently based on either fear of the disease or craving for the reestablishment of pre-pandemic "normal" life. In this context, a question can be posed whether it is possible to approach and understand these phenomena in other ways, and consequently respond in a different manner. In search for alternative approaches to the problem of human greed and fear, this article investigates their conceptualisations from the perspective of the Theravada Abhidhamma, an important formulation of ancient Indian Buddhist philosophy. The Abbidhamma analyses and expounds the processes of cognition, using a multivalent and complex structure, comprised of interrelated and interdependent components (dhamma), which are involved in the ever-changing flow of mental and physical phenomena. This article proposes that the entirety of the structural cognitive model of the Abbidbamma is founded on, and permeated by ethics. The components involved in cognitive processes are classified in three ways, as ethical, unethical, or indeterminate;greed and fear are presented as components of unethical mental states, which in turn may lead to actions that are harmful to oneself and society. This Abhidhammic analysis of cognition provides a model, in which a different conceptualisation of greed and fear is presented;it identifies those components and conditions for cognition which allow for an ethical (kusala) stance and consequently ethical actions. The article thus propounds that the knowledge of cognitive models of ancient India can be relevant to the search for new approaches to contemporary ethical challenges, and may contribute to a different understanding of, and responses to, greed and fear.

COVID-19, Digital Tracking Control and Chinese Cosmotechnology

The COVID-19 pandemic has opened our eyes to numerous global problems that can only be solved on a global scale. Especially in light of the good performance of the Sinic region in containing and eliminating the coronavirus, the importance of intercultural dialogue between East and West became even more evident. In this context, this paper explores the role of digital technologies and the underlying ontology of digital objects in China as well as in the wider Sinic region. Indeed, the third millennium, which has just begun and will witness the accelerating trends of global warming and most likely the deepening of the gap between rich and poor, numerous wars, and new pandemics, will certainly be marked by the development of digital technologies. Therefore, the paper investigates the specific features of traditional Sinic perceptions of technology as such, as well as their ideational underpinnings, which certainly influence specific Sinic perceptions of digital objects. This will, I hope, provide us with a better understanding of the cultural conditionality of differences and commonalities in the global processes of digitalization and their ontological underpinnings, so that we can pay more attention to both the dangers and the opportunities that cross-cultural interactions in this area can offer us.

The Pandemic, Ecological Justice, and Zhu Xi's Philosophy

COVID-19 has brought many changes to society and encouraged mankind to reflect on its civilization. The pandemic has revealed that our health care systems and community solidarity are far more fragile than we believed. It made us rethink the solidarity of human civilization and community, and more fundamentally, reconsider the global ecosystem beyond human society. This paper claims that COVID-19 was an inevitable result of the anthropocentric perspective, and argues that it is necessary to change the perception to an ecological worldview and practice ecological justice in order to solve this situation. First, it analyses the ecological reasons for the regular outbreak of zoonotic diseases, including COVID-19, and then it examines Naess's deep ecology with regard to a fundamental change of perception, but also finds several weaknesses in this.Third, this paper focuses on Zhu Xi's philosophy in order to compensate for the weaknesses of deep ecology. It argues for the importance of human roles and obligations in relation to the safety and health of the environment based on his philosophy, and explains ecological justice by applying his social equality theory to ecology. Finally, it sheds new light on Zhu Xi's theory of investigation of things (gewu) as a practical way of implementing ecological justice.